英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試即將在6月開(kāi)始，順利通過(guò)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試也是對(duì)同學(xué)們英語(yǔ)水平的認(rèn)證，所以為了幫助同學(xué)們更好的備考英語(yǔ)六級(jí)社科賽斯考研網(wǎng)小編整理了2015年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及答案（第一套）。
2015年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及答案（第一套）
Part I Writing(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying"Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it. " You can give an example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
PartⅡ Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D ), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
1. A. Prepare for his exams.
B. Catch up on his work.
C. Attend the concert.
D. Go on a vacation.
2. A. Three crew members were involved in the incident.
B. None of the hijackers carried any deadly weapons.
C. The plane had been scheduled to fly to Japan.
D. None of the passengers were injured or killed.
3. A. An article about the election.
B. A tedious job to be done.
C. An election campaign.
D. A fascinating topic.
4. A. The restaurant was not up to the speakers' expectations.
B. The restaurant places many ads in popular magazines.
C. The critic thought highly of the Chinese restaurant.
D. Chinatown has got the best restaurants in the city.
5. A. He is going to visit his mother in the hospital.
B. He is going to take on a new job next week.
C. He has many things to deal with right now.
D. He behaves in a way nobody understands.
6. A. A large number of students refused to vote last night.
B. At least twenty students are needed to vote on an issue.
C. Major campus issues had to be discussed at the meeting.
D. More students have to appear to make their voice heard.
7. A. The woman can hardly tell what she likes.
B. The speakers like watching TV very much.
C. The speakers have nothing to do but watch TV.
D. The man seldom watched TV before retirement.
8. A. The woman should have registered earlier.
B. He will help the woman solve the problem.
C ) He finds it hard to agree with what the woman says.
D. The woman will be able to attend the classes she wants.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A. Persuade the man to join her company.
B. Employ the most up-to-date technology.
C. Export bikes to foreign markets.
D. Expand their domestic business.
10. A. The state subsidizes small and medium enterprises.
B. The government has control over bicycle imports.
C. They can compete with the best domestic manufacturers.
D. They have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices.
11. A. Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad.
B. More workers will be needed to do packaging.
C. They might lose to foreign bike manufacturers.
D. It is very difficult to find suitable local agents.
12. A. Report to the management.
B. Attract foreign investments.
C. Conduct a feasibility study
D. Consult financial experts.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
13. A. Coal burnt daily for the comfort of our homes.
B. Anything that can be used to produce power.
C. Fuel refined from oil extracted from underground.
D. Electricity that keeps all kinds of machines running.
14. A. Oil will soon be replaced by alternative energy sources.
B. Oil reserves in the world will be exhausted in a decade.
C. Oil consumption has given rise to many global problems.
D. Oil production will begin to decline worldwide by 2025.
15. A. Minimize the use of fossil fuels.
B. Start developing alternative fuels.
C. Find the real cause for global warming.
D. Take steps to reduce the greenhouse effect.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C. and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 71 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A. The ability to predict fashion trends.
B. A refined taste for artistic works.
C. Years of practical experience.
D. Strict professional training.
17. A. Promoting all kinds of American hand-made specialties.
B. Strengthening cooperation with foreign governments.
C. Conducting trade in art works with dealers overseas.
D. Purchasing handicrafts from all over the world.
18. A. She has access to fashionable things.
B. She is doing what she enjoys doing.
C. She can enjoy life on a modest salary.
D. She is free to do whatever she wants.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A. Join in neighborhood patrols.
B. Get involved in his community.
C. Voice his complaints to the city council.
D. Make suggestions to the local authorities.
20. A. Deterioration in the quality of life.
B. Increase of police patrols at night.
C. Renovation of the vacant buildings.
D. Violation of community regulations.
21. A. They may take a long time to solve.
B. They need assistance from the city.
C. They have to be dealt with one by one.
D. They are too big for individual efforts.
22. A. He had got some groceries at a big discount.
B. He had read a funny poster near his seat.
C. He had done a small deed of kindness.
D. He had caught the bus just in time.
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A. Childhood and healthy growth.
B. Pressure and heart disease.
C. Family life and health.
D. Stress and depression.
24. A. It experienced a series of misfortunes.
B. It was in the process of reorganization.
C. His mother died of a sudden heart attack.
D. His wife left him because of his bad temper.
25. A. They would give him a triple bypass surgery.
B. They could remove the block in his artery.
C. They could do nothing to help him.
D. They would try hard to save his life.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
When most people think of the word "education," they think of a pupil as a sort of animate sausage casing. Into this empty casing, the teachers 26 stuff "education."
But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not 27 the stuffings of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is the 28 of what is in the mind.
"The most important part of education," once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the 29 Harvard philosopher, "is this instruction of a man in what he has inside of him. And, as Edith Hamilton has reminded us, Socrates never said, "I know, learn from me." He said, rather, "Look into your own selvers and find the 30 of truth that God has put into every heart, and that only you can kindle (點(diǎn)燃) to a
31."In a dialogue, Socrates takes an ignorant slave boy, without a day of 32, and proves to the amazed observers that the boy really "knows" geometry--because the principles of geometry are already in his mind, waiting to be called out.
So many of the discussions and 33 about the content of education are useless and inconclusive because they 34 what should "go into" the student rather than with what should be taken out, and how this can best be done.
The college student who once said to me, after a lecture, "I spend so much time studying that I don't have a chance to learn anything," was clearly expressing his 35 with the sausage-casing view of education.
Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Innovation, the elixir (靈丹妙藥 ) of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution hand weavers were 36 aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital
revolution has 37 many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life. Typists,ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.
For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising 38. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more 39 society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was 40 on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered 41, but found better- paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has 42, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers.
Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its 43. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics.
Technology's 44 will feel like a tornado (旋風(fēng)), hitting the rich world first, but 45 sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.
A. benefits F) jobless K) rhythm
B. displaced G) primarily L) sentiments
C. employed H) productive M) shrunk
D. eventually I) prosperity N) swept
E) impact J) responsive O) withdrawn
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Why the Mona Lisa Stands Out
A. Have you ever fallen for a novel and been amazed not to find it on lists of great books? Or walked around a sculpture renowned as a classic, struggling to see what the fuss is about? If so, you've probably pondered the question a psychologist, James Cutting, asked himself: How does a work of art come to be considered great?
B. The intuitive answer is that some works of art are just great: of intrinsically superior quality. The paintings that win prime spots in galleries, get taught in classes and reproduced in books are the ones that have proved their artistic value over time. If you can't see they're superior, that's your problem.
It's an intimidatingly neat explanation. But some social scientists have been asking awkward questions of it, raising the possibility that artistic canons (名作目錄) are little more than fossilised historical accidents.
C. Cutting, a professor at Cornell University, wondered if a psychological mechanism known as the "mere-exposure effect" played a role in deciding which paintings rise to the top of the cultural league. Cutting designed an experiment to test his hunch (直覺(jué)). Over a lecture course he regularly showed undergraduates works of impressionism for two seconds at a time. Some of the paintings were canonical, included in art-history books. Others were lesser known but of comparable quality. These were exposed four times as often. Afterwards, the students preferred them to the canonical works, while a control group of students liked the canonical ones best. Cutting's students had grown to like those paintings more simply because they had seen them more.
D. Cutting believes his experiment offers a clue as to how canons are formed. He
reproduced works of impressionism today tend to have been bought by five or six wealthy and influential collectors in the late 19th century. The preferences of these men bestowed (給予) prestige on certain works, which made the works more likely to be hung in galleries and printed in collections. The fame passed down the years, gaining momentum from mere exposure as it did so. The more people were exposed to, the more they liked it, and the more they liked it, the more it appeared in books, on posters and in big exhibitions. Meanwhile, academics and critics created sophisticated justifications for its preeminence (卓越). After all, it's not just the masses who tend to rate what they see more often more highly. As contemporary artists like Warhol and Damien Hirst have grasped, critics' praise is deeply entwined (交織) with publicity. "Scholars", Cutting argues, "are no different from the public in the effects of mere exposure."
E. The process described by Cutting evokes a principle that the sociologist Duncan Watts calls "cumulative advantage": once a thing becomes popular, it will tend to become more popular still. A few years ago,Watts, who is employed by Microsoft to study the dynamics of social networks, had a similar experience to Cutting's in another Paris museum. After queuing to see the "Mona Lisa" in its climate- controlled bulletproof box at the Louvre, he came away puzzled: why was it considered so superior to the three other Leonardos in the previous chamber, to which nobody seemed to be paying the slightest attention?
F. When Watts looked into the history of "the greatest painting of all time", he discovered that, for most of its life, the"Mona Lisa"remained in relative obscurity. In the 1850s, Leonardo da Vinci was considered no match for giants of Renaissance art like Titian and Raphael, whose works were worth almost ten times as much as the "Mona Lisa". It was only in the 20th century that Leonardo's portrait of his patron's wife rocketed to the number-one spot. What propelled it there wasn't a scholarly re-evaluation, but a theft.
G. In 1911 a maintenance worker at the Louvre walked out of the museum with the "Mona Lisa" hidden under his smock (工作服). Parisians were shocked at the theft of a painting to which, until then, they had paid little attention. When the museum reopened, people queued to see the gap where the "Mona Lisa" had once hung in a way they had never done for the painting itself. From then on, the "Mona Lisa" came to represent Western culture itself.
H. Although many have tried, it does seem improbable that the painting's unique status can be attributed entirely to the quality of its brushstrokes. It has been said that the subject's eyes follow the viewer around the room. But as the painting's biographer, Donald Sassoon, dryly notes, "In reality the effect can be obtained from any portrait." Duncan Watts proposes that the "Mona Lisa" is merely an extreme example of a general rule. Paintings, poems and pop songs are buoyed (使浮起) or
events or preferences that turn into waves of influence, passing down the generations.
I. "Saying that cultural objects have value," Brian Eno once wrote, "is like saying that telephones have conversations." Nearly all the cultural objects we consume arrive wrapped in inherited opinion; our preferences are always, to some extent, someone else's. Visitors to the "Mona Lisa" know they are about to visit the greatest work of art ever and come away appropriately impressed--or let down. An audience at a performance of "Hamlet" know it is regarded as a work of genius, so that is what they mostly see. Watts even calls the preeminence of Shakespeare a "historical accident".
J. Although the rigid high-low distinction fell apart in the 1960s, we still use culture as a badge of identity. Today's fashion for eclecticism (折中主義) "I love Bach, Abba and Jay Z" is, Shamus Khan, a Columbia University psychologist, argues, a new way for the middle class to distinguish themselves from what they perceive to be the narrow tastes of those beneath them in the social hierarchy.
K. The intrinsic quality of a work of art is starting to seem like its least important attribute. But perhaps it's more significant than our social scientists allow. First of all, a work needs a certain quality to be eligible to be swept to the top of the pile. The "Mona Lisa" may not be a worthy world champion, but it was in the Louvre in the first place, and not by accident. Secondly, some stuff is simply better than other stuff. Read "Hamlet" after reading even the greatest of Shakespeare's contemporaries, and the difference may strike you as unarguable.
L. A study in the British Journal of Aesthetics suggests that the exposure effect doesn't work the same way on everything, and points to a different conclusion about how canons are formed. The social scientists are right to say that we should be a little sceptical of greatness, and that we should always look in the next room. Great art and mediocrity (平庸) can get confused, even by experts. But that's why we need to see, and read, as much as we can. The more we're exposed to the good and the bad, the better we are at telling the difference. The eclecticists have it.
46. According to Duncan Watts, the superiority of the "Mona Lisa" to Leonardo's other works resulted from the cumulative advantage.
47. Some social scientists have raised doubts about the intrinsic value of certain works of art.
48. It is often random events or preferences that determine the fate of a piece of art.
49. In his experiment, Cutting found that his subjects liked lesser known works
because of more exposure.
50. The author thinks the greatness of an art work still lies in its intrinsic value.
51. It is true of critics as well as ordinary people that the popularity of artistic works is closely associated with publicity.
52. We need to expose ourselves to more art and literature in order to tell the superior from the inferior.
53. A study of the history of the greatest paintings suggests even a great work of art could experience years of neglect.
54. Culture is still used as a mark to distinguish one social class from another.
55. Opinions about and preferences for cultural objects are often inheritable.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
When the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person's influence is greatly expanded. That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserve Bank (FeD. in January, now finds herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right now.
Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort, holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying. Yellen, previously a Fed vice chair, was one of the principal architects of the Fed's $ 3.8 trillion money dump. A star economist known for her groundbreaking work on labor markets, Yellen was a kind of prophetess early on in thc crisis for her warnings about the subprime (次級(jí)債) meltdown. Now it will be her job to get the Fed and the markets out of the biggest and most unconventional monetary program in history without derailing the fragile recovery.The good news is that Yellen,67, is particularly well suited to meet these challenges. She has a keen understanding of financial markets, an appreciation for their imperfections and a strong belief that human suffering was more related to unemployment than anything else.
Some experts worry that Yellen will be inclined to chase unemployment to the neglect of inflation.
But with wages still relatively flat and the economy increasingly divided between the well-off and the long-term unemployed, more people worry about the opposite, deflation (通貨緊縮) that would aggravate the economy's problems.
Either way, the incoming Fed chief will have to walk a fine line in slowly ending the stimulus. It must be steady enough to deflate bubbles (去泡沫) and bring markets back down to earth but not so quick thatit creates another credit crisis.
Unlike many past Fed leaders, Yellen is not one to buy into the finance industry's argument that itshould be left alone to regulate itself. She knows all along the Fed has been too slack on regulation of finance. Yellen is likely to address the issue right after she pushes unemployment below 6%, stabilizes markets and makes sure that the recovery is more inclusive and robust. As Princeton Professor Alan Blinder says, "She's smart as a whip, deeply logical, willing to argue but also a good listener. She can persuade without creating hostility." All those traits will be useful as the global economy's new power player takes on its most annoying problems.
56. What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen?
A. Lack of money.
B. Subprime crisis.
C. Unemployment.
D. Social instability.
57. What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis?
A. Take effective measures to curb inflation.
B. Deflate the bubbles in the American economy.
C. Formulate policies to help financial institutions.
D. Pour money into the market through asset buying.
58. What is a greater concern of the general public?
A. Recession.
B. Deflation.
C. Inequality.
D. Income.
59. What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?
A. Develop a new monetary program.
B. Restore public confidence.
C. Tighten financial regulation.
D. Reform the credit system.
60. How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?
A. She possesses strong persuasive power.
B. She has confidence in what she is doing.
C. She is one of the world's greatest economists.
D. She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Air pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself.
If human beings can breathe and share air, they don't need to struggle with one another.
Unfortunately, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs on environmental pollution, they have not yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.
But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a spiritual level. The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is that whicl exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as "the lungs of the planet", the woods tha cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the ai polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapi deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversibl disaster.
The fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn t share life, both with each other and with plants. This task is simultaneously ethical and political because can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplishe together with others. The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere c the living, while dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come t view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservation of life and growth, rathe than a web of quantifiable objects or productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then we woulfinally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.
61. What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other
A. To get their share of clean air.
B. To pursue a comfortable life.
C. To gain a higher social status.
D. To seek economic benefits.
62. What does the author accuse western politicians of?
A. Depriving common people of the right to clean air.
B. Giving priority to theory rather than practical action.
C. Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.
D. Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.
63. What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?
A. The massive burning of fossil fuels.
B. Our relationship to the plant world.
C. The capacity of plants to renew polluted air.
D. Large-scale deforestation across the world.
64. How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the planet according to the author?
A. By showing respect for plants.
B. By preserving all forms of life.
C. By tapping all natural resources.
D. By pooling their efforts together.
65. What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?
A. Expand the sphere of living.
B. Develop nature's potentials.
C. Share life with nature.
D. Allocate the resources.
Part Ⅳ Translation(30 minute）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的待客之道要求飯菜豐富多樣，讓客人吃不完。中國(guó)宴席上典型的菜單包括開(kāi)席的一套涼菜及其后的熱菜，例如肉類、雞鴨、蔬菜等。大多數(shù)宴席上，全魚(yú)被認(rèn)為是必不可少的，除非已經(jīng)上過(guò)各式海鮮。如今，中國(guó)人喜歡把西方特色菜與傳統(tǒng)中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少見(jiàn)。沙拉也已流行起來(lái)，盡管傳統(tǒng)上中國(guó)人一般不吃任何未經(jīng)烹飪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道湯，可以最先或最后上桌。 甜點(diǎn)和水果通常標(biāo)志宴席的結(jié)束。
2015年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題答案與詳解（第一套）
PartⅡ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W Can you come to the concert with me thisweekend? Or do you have to prepare forexams?
M: I still have a lot to do, but maybe a breakwould do me good.
Q: What will the man probably do?
c)【精析】行動(dòng)計(jì)劃題。女士問(wèn)男士周末是否可以陪著她去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)，男士說(shuō)他的確是有很多事情要做，但或許休息一下對(duì)自己有好處。因此，男士很有可能會(huì)放下手頭的事情，陪女士去音樂(lè)會(huì)。
2. W: What does the paper say about the horri bleincident that happened this morning on Flight 870 to Hong Kong?
M: It ended with the arrest of the three hijackers. They had forced the plane to fly to Japan,but all the passengers and crew members landed safely.
O: What do we learn from the conversation?
D)【精析】推理判斷題。女士問(wèn)男士報(bào)紙上是怎樣報(bào)道飛往香港的870次航班上的可怕事件的，男士說(shuō)一共抓捕了三個(gè)劫機(jī)犯，他們?cè)噲D迫使飛機(jī)飛往E本，不過(guò)所有的乘客和機(jī)組人員都安全著陸。由此可知，乘客沒(méi)有受到傷害。
3. M: Hello. This is the most fascinating article I've ever come across. I think you should spare some time to read it.
W: Oh, really? I thought that anything about th election would be tedious.
Q: What are the speakers talking about?
A)【精析】綜合理解題。對(duì)話中男士對(duì)女士說(shuō)他看到了一篇精彩的文章，女士也應(yīng)該讀一讀，而女士則說(shuō)她本以為所有關(guān)于選舉的報(bào)道都是十分無(wú)趣的。
由此可知，對(duì)話圍繞一篇報(bào)道選舉的文章展開(kāi)。
4. I'm not going to trust the restaurant critic from that magazine again. The food here doesn't taste anything like what we had in Chinatown.
M: It definitely wasn't worth the wait.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A)【精析】語(yǔ)義理解題。對(duì)話中女士說(shuō)她再也不會(huì)相信那本雜志里的餐館評(píng)論員了，這家餐館的食物根本比不上他們?cè)谔迫私殖缘降氖澄铩Ｄ惺繉?duì)此表示贊同，并說(shuō)根本就不值得排隊(duì)等候。由此可見(jiàn)，這家餐館沒(méi)有達(dá)到講話者的期望。c)選項(xiàng)的干擾性較大，但是對(duì)話中并沒(méi)有直接指出評(píng)論員高度評(píng)價(jià)這家中餐館，因此排除。
5. W.. Do you know what's wrong with Mark? He'sbeen acting very strangely lately.
M： Come on. With his mother hospitalized rightafter he's taken on a new job, he's just got a lot on his mind.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation about Mark?
C)【精析】綜合理解題。對(duì)話中女士問(wèn)男士知不知道 Mark怎么了，他這陣子表現(xiàn)得怪怪的：男士回答說(shuō) Mark剛開(kāi)始一份新工作，而這時(shí)候他的媽媽住院了，他腦子里的事兒很多。由此可知，Mark近期需要做的事情太多了。
6. W: There were only 20 students at last night'smeeting, so nothing could be voted on.
M.. That's too bad. They'll have to turn up in greater numbers if they want a voice o campus issues.
Q: What does the man mean?
D)【精析】弦外之音題。對(duì)話中女士說(shuō)昨天的會(huì)議儀有20名學(xué)生到場(chǎng)，因此什么事情也解決不了。男士表示這太糟糕了，想要在校園問(wèn)題上產(chǎn)生影響，需要更多的學(xué)生參與。由此可知，如果學(xué)生想要讓自己的聲音被人們聽(tīng)到，需要更多人的共同參與和努力。
7. M.. I try to watch TV as little as possible, but it's so hard.
W: I didn't watch TV at all before I retired, but now I can hardly tear myself away from it.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
B)【精析】綜合理解題。對(duì)話中男士說(shuō)他想要少看電視，但感覺(jué)很難做到，而女士說(shuō)她退休之前根本不看電視，但現(xiàn)在卻離不開(kāi)電視了。由此可知，對(duì)話中的兩個(gè)人都很喜歡看電視。
8. W：I'm having a problem registering for theclasses I want.
M： That's too bad, but I'm pretty sure you'll be able to work everything out before this semester starts.
Q.. What does the man mean?
D)【精析】語(yǔ)義理解題。對(duì)話中女士對(duì)男士說(shuō)她無(wú)法注冊(cè)自己喜歡的課程，但男士卻安慰女士說(shuō)他相信女士一定可以在新學(xué)期開(kāi)始之前把一切搞定。由此可知，男士認(rèn)為女士可以完成注冊(cè)，參加自己喜歡的課程。
Conversation One
W: Jack, sit down and listen. This is important. (9)We'll have to tackle the problems of the exporting step by step. And the first move is to get an up-to-date picture of where we stand now.
M: Why don't we just concentrate on expanding here at home?
W: Of course, we should hold on to our position here. But you must admit the market here is limited.
M: Yes, but it's safe. (10)The government keeps out foreigners with import controls. So I must admit I feel sure (9)we could hold our own against foreign bikes,
W: I agree. (9)That's why I am suggesting exporting. Because I feel we canpete with the best of them.
M: What you are really saying is that we'd make more profit by selling bikes abroad, where we have,a cost advantage and can charge high prices.
W: Exactly.
M: But, wait a minute. (11)Packaging, shipping, finaetc. will push up our cost and we could end up no better off, maybe worse off.
W.. OK. Now there are extra costs involved. But if we do it right, they can be built into the price of the bike and we can still be competitive.
M.. How sure are you about our chances of success in the foreign market?
W.. Well, that's the sticky one. (12)It's going to need a lot of research. I'm hoping to get your help. Well, come on, Jack. Is it worth it, or not?
M: There will be a lot of problems.
W.. Nothing we can't handle.
M.. Um... I'm not that hopeful. But, yes, (12)1 think we should go ahead with the feasibility study.
W: Marvelous, Jack. I was hoping you be on my side.
答案詳解
9．what does the woman intend to do?C. 對(duì)話中提到“國(guó)外的自行車”，在對(duì)話中間部分女士c)【精析】推理判斷題。對(duì)話開(kāi)始部分女士提到想與f 又提到“這就是我建議出口的原因”。綜上可知，女男士一起來(lái)逐步解決出口中遇到的問(wèn)題，之后男 士想出口自行車。
10. Why does the man think it's safe to focus on the home market?
B)【精析】目的原因題。本題問(wèn)男士為什么認(rèn)為聚焦國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)是安全的，對(duì)話中男士明確表示政府通過(guò)控制進(jìn)口將外國(guó)人擋在國(guó)門(mén)之外，也就是說(shuō)政府控制自行車進(jìn)口。
11. What is the man's concern about selling bikes abroad?
A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。對(duì)話中女士認(rèn)為出口自行車可以獲取更多的利潤(rùn)，因?yàn)樗麄儾粌H具有成本優(yōu)勢(shì)，而且可以把自行車賣高價(jià)，而男士卻擔(dān)心包裝、運(yùn)輸?shù)葧?huì)提高成本，影響利潤(rùn)。 ．
12. What dothe speakers agree to do?
c)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。對(duì)話結(jié)尾部分，女士說(shuō)要想確定是否可以在國(guó)外市場(chǎng)成功，需要大量的調(diào)查，而男士也同意他們可以先進(jìn)行可行性調(diào)查，因此，兩人都同意先進(jìn)行可行性調(diào)查。
Conversation Two
w: What does the term "alternative energy source" mean?
M: (13)When we think of energy or fuel for our homes and cars, we think of petroleum, a fossil fuel processedfrom oil removed from the ground, of which there is a limited supply. But alternative fuels can be many things. Wind, sun and water can all be used to create fuel.
W: Is the threat of running out of petroleum real?
M: It has taken thousands of years to create the natural stores of petroleum we have available at a much faster rate than it is being produced over time. The real controversy surrounding the amount of petroleum we have is how much we need to keep in reserve for future use. (14)Most experts agree that by around 2025, the amount of petroleum we use will reach a peak. Then production and availability will begin to seriously decline. This is not to say there will be no petroleum at this point. But it'll become very difficult and therefore expcasive to extract.
W: Is that the most —— reason to develdp alternative fuel and energy sources?
M: There are two-v——y clear reasons to do so. (15)One is that whether we have 60 or 600 years of fossil fuels left, we have to find other fuel sources eventually. So the sooner we start, the better off we will be. The other big argument is that when long time, which leads to some long-term negative efects, like global warming and the greenhouse effect.
13. What do we usually refer to whenwe talk about energy according to the man?
C)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)話中男士說(shuō)一提到能量或燃料，人們通常會(huì)想到汽油，這是一種從地下石油中提取的能源。
14. What do most experts agree on according to the man?
D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。對(duì)話中男士說(shuō)大多數(shù)專家都同意，到2025年左右石油使用量將達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)，此后產(chǎn)量和可用量將開(kāi)始大幅下降。
15. What does the man hink we should do now?B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。對(duì)話末尾部分，男士說(shuō)不論是60年，還是600年，早晚需要其他能源。因此，越早開(kāi)始行動(dòng)，對(duì)人類越好。也就是說(shuō)男士認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在我們應(yīng)該開(kāi)始開(kāi)發(fā)替代燃料。
Section B
Passage One
Karen Smith is a buyer for a department store in New York: Department store buyers purchase the goods that their stores sell. (16)They not only have to know what is fashionable at the moment, but also have to guess what will become fashionable next season or next year. Most buyers work for just one department in a store.
But the goods that Karen finds may be displayed and sold in several different sections of the store. (17)Her job involves buying handicrafts from all over the world. Last year, she made a trip to Morocco and returned with rugs, pots, dishes and pans. The year before, she visited Mexico and bought back hand-made table cloths, mirrors with frames of tin and paper flowers. The paper flowers are bright and colorful, so they were used to decorate the whole store. This year Karen is travelling in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. Many of the countries that Karen visits have government offices that promote handicrafts. The officials are glad to cooperate with her by showing her the products that are available. Karen especially likes to visit markets in small towns and villages whenever she can arrange for it. She is always looking for interesting and unusual items. (18)Karen thinks she has the best job she could have found. She loves all the travelling that she has to do because she often visits markets and small out-of-the-way places. She sees much more of the country she visits than an ordinary tourist would. As soon as she gets back to New York from one trip, Karen begins to plan another.
答案詳解
16. What is said to make a good department store buyer?
A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。短文開(kāi)頭提到，Karen Smith是一位百貨公司的采購(gòu)員，作為優(yōu)秀的采購(gòu)人員，不僅要了解當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)尚，還要能夠預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)的時(shí)尚趨勢(shì)。
17. What does Karen's job involve?D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。短文中提到，Karen Smith的工作是到世界各地去購(gòu)買(mǎi)手工藝品。
18. Why does Karen think she has got the best job? B)【精析】目的原因題。短文中明確提到Karen覺(jué)得她已經(jīng)找到了最好的工作，因?yàn)樗矚g去世界各地出差，她可以借出差的機(jī)會(huì)去市場(chǎng)和那些人們不常去的小地方。
Passage Two
(19)Mark felt that it was time for him to take part in his community, so he went to the neighborhood meeting after work. (20)The area's city councilwoman was leading a discussion about how the quality of life was on the decline. The neighborhood faced many problems. Mark looked at the charts: taped to the walls.
There were charts for parking problems, crime, and for problems in vacant buildings. Mark read from the charts, police patrols cut back, illegal parking up 20%. People were supposed to suggest solutions to the councilwoman. It was too much for Mark. (21)"The problems are too big," he thought. He turned to the man next to him and said, "I think this is a waste of my time. Nothing I could do would make a difference here." As he neared the bus stop on his way home, Mark saw a woman carrying a grocery bag and a baby. As Mark got closer, her other child, a little boy, suddenly darted into the street. The woman tried to reach for him, but as she moved, her bag shifted and the groceries started to fall out. Mark ran to take the boy's arm and led him back to his mother. "You gotta stay with morn," he said. Then he picked up the street groceries while the woman smiled in relief. "Thanks!" She said. "You've got great timing! Just being neighborly," Mark said.
As he rode home, he glanced at the poster near his seat in the bus. (22)"Small acts of kindness add up." Mark smiled and thought, "Maybe that' s a good place to start."
答案詳解
19．What did Mark think he should start doing?人來(lái)說(shuō)24小時(shí)不睡覺(jué)應(yīng)該會(huì)讓人不舒服，一般來(lái)講，每個(gè)人都需要保證8小時(shí)睡眠。盡管人們的B)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。短文開(kāi)頭提到，對(duì)于大多數(shù)睡眠時(shí)間和需求會(huì)有差異，但人們總是需要睡覺(jué)的，因?yàn)樗呤侨藗兓镜男枨蟆Ｓ纱丝芍藗兿氘?dāng)然地認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都需要睡覺(jué)才能生存。
20. What was being discussed when Mark arrived at the neighborhood meeting?A)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)于一般人來(lái)說(shuō)，睡眠是基本的生存需要，但Al Herpin卻與眾不同，因?yàn)樗麖膩?lái)不睡覺(jué)。醫(yī)生在研究了他的情況后，認(rèn)為這的確是個(gè)例外。
21. What did Mark think of the community'sproblems?
D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。短文提到一些醫(yī)生對(duì)AHerpin不用睡覺(jué)的現(xiàn)象感到吃驚，但他們找不出原因。AI Herpin說(shuō)出了一個(gè)唯一可能的原因：母親在生他之前曾經(jīng)受過(guò)創(chuàng)傷。
22. Why did Mark smile on his ride home?
c)【精析】推理判斷題。短文提到一些醫(yī)生對(duì)A Herpin不用睡覺(jué)的現(xiàn)象感到吃驚，但他們找不出原因。Al Herpin說(shuō)出了一個(gè)唯一可能的原因：母親在生他之前曾經(jīng)受過(guò)創(chuàng)傷。
Passage Three
And a stressing childhood can lead to heart disease, what about current stressors--longer work hours, threats of layoffs, collapsing pension funds? A study last year in The Lancet examined more than 11000 heart- attack sufferers from 52 countries. It found that in the year before their heart attacks, patients had been under significantly more strains than some 13000 healthy control subjects. Those strains came from work, family, financial troubles, depression and other causes. "Each of these factors individually was associated with increased risk," says Dr. Salim Yusuf, professor of medicine at Canada's McMaster University and senior investigator on the study—— "Together, they accounted for 30% of overall heart-attack risk." But people respond differently to high-pressure work situations. Whether it produces heart problems seems to depend on whether you have a sense of control over life, or live at the mercy of circumstances and superiors. (24)That was the experience of John O'Connell, a Rockford , Ill., laboratory manager, who suffered his first heart attack in 1996, at the age of 56. In the two years before, his mother and two of his children had suffered serious illnesses, and his job had been changed in the reorganization. "My life seemed completely out of control," he says. "I had no idea where I would end up." He ended up in hospital due to a block in his artery. Two months later, he had a triple bypass surgery. (25)A second heart attack when he was 58 left his doctor shaking his head. "There's nothing more we can do for you," doctors told him.
23. What does the passage mainly discuss?
B)【精析】推理判斷題。短文開(kāi)篇即提到了stress和heart disease，接下來(lái)，短文提到有研究表明，大多數(shù)心臟病患者的發(fā)病都與壓力相關(guān)。在短文后半部分，以John 0’Connell的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷說(shuō)明，他所經(jīng)受的壓力對(duì)他的心臟產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的影響。
24. What do we learn about John O'Connell's family?
A)【精析】推理判斷題。短文中提到，John 0’Connell在1996年首次心臟病發(fā)作，此前兩年內(nèi)，他的媽媽和兩個(gè)孩子都患上了嚴(yán)重的疾病，他所工作的單位也經(jīng)歷了重組。因此，可以說(shuō)在他發(fā)病前，他的家庭經(jīng)歷了一系列的不幸事件。
25. What did John O'Connell's doctors tell him whenhe had a second heart attack?
C)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。短文最后指出，當(dāng)John0’Connell第二次病發(fā)時(shí)，醫(yī)生們都搖頭表示他們已經(jīng)無(wú)能為力了。
Section C
26．a(chǎn)re supposed to 句子的謂語(yǔ)。空格后的stuff為動(dòng)詞原形，因此空【精析】句意推斷題。此處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞(詞組)充當(dāng)l 格處應(yīng)該會(huì)出現(xiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)合錄音填入are supposed to,意為應(yīng)該o
27．inserting【精析】語(yǔ)義推斷題。此處應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞的．ing形式，與is構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。上文提到“填鴨”式教學(xué)，此處提到是把信息“塞到”某人的腦中。結(jié)合錄音填人insertin9，意為“填入，塞入”。
28．drawing-out【精析】語(yǔ)義推斷題。空格前有定冠詞the，后有介詞0f，因此需要填人名詞。上文提到一般的教育理念都是認(rèn)為要向?qū)W生腦子中塞信息，但是，格拉底卻認(rèn)為，教育者應(yīng)該是將信息從學(xué)生腦海提取出來(lái)。結(jié)合錄音填入drawin9．out，意為“提取，抽取”。
29．distinguished【精析】語(yǔ)義推斷題。空格位于定冠詞the和名詞短語(yǔ)Harvard philosopher之間，需要填人形容詞修飾名詞。哈佛大學(xué)的哲學(xué)家，應(yīng)該是“杰出的，卓越的”。結(jié)合錄音填入distinguished，意為“優(yōu)秀的，杰出的”。
30．spark【精析】句意推斷題。空格位于定冠詞the和介詞of之間，需要填入名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)。哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為，上帝已經(jīng)把知識(shí)置人人的心中，教育家要做的只是幫助人們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些火花，將其點(diǎn)燃。結(jié)合錄音填入spark，意為“火花”。
31．flme【精析】語(yǔ)義推斷題。空格位于不定冠詞a后，應(yīng)該填入可數(shù)名詞。教育者應(yīng)該是點(diǎn)燃人們心中知識(shí)火花的人。結(jié)合錄音填入flame，意為“火焰，火光”。
32．schooling【精析】句意推斷題。空格位于介詞0f之后，故應(yīng)填人名詞，充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)。蘇格拉底以一個(gè)小男孩為例，說(shuō)明了教育的真諦，這個(gè)孩子一天學(xué)也沒(méi)上過(guò)。結(jié)合錄音填入schoolin9，意為“學(xué)校教育，上學(xué)”。
33．controversies【精析】并列關(guān)系題。空格位于連詞and之后， and連接兩個(gè)并列成分，discussions為名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此空格處應(yīng)該填入名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。結(jié)合錄音填人controversies，意為“爭(zhēng)議，異議，爭(zhēng)論”。
34．a(chǎn)l e concerned with【精析】句意推斷題。空格處應(yīng)該填人動(dòng)詞(詞組)，構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)。關(guān)于教育的討論都沒(méi)有用，因?yàn)樗麄兯P(guān)注的都是如何將知識(shí)導(dǎo)人到學(xué)生腦海，而不是怎樣幫助他們提取知識(shí)。結(jié)合錄音填入are concerned with，意為“關(guān)心，忙于”。
35．dissatisfaction【精析】語(yǔ)義推斷題。此空位于物主代詞his之后，應(yīng)該填人名詞作物主代詞的賓語(yǔ)。有位大學(xué)生曾經(jīng)表達(dá)了他的看法，他對(duì)“填鴨”式的教學(xué)十分不滿。結(jié)合錄音填入dissatisfaction，意為“不滿”。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
【文章來(lái)源】本文選自2014年1月18日刊登在The Economist(《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》)上的一篇標(biāo)題為“Coming to an
Office Near You”(《近在咫尺的威脅》)的文章。
【結(jié)構(gòu)框圖】
創(chuàng)新是發(fā)展進(jìn)步的靈丹妙藥，經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致人們失業(yè)。工業(yè)革命時(shí)期，機(jī)械織布機(jī)使手工紡織工人被掃地出門(mén)。在過(guò)去的三十年里，數(shù)碼革命讓很多中級(jí)技能工種消失了，而正是這些工作支撐了20世紀(jì)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的生活。打字員、票務(wù)代理、銀行柜員還有很多生產(chǎn)線上的崗位都被摒棄了，就像紡織工人被摒棄了一樣。
對(duì)于那些相信技術(shù)進(jìn)步使世界更美好的人們，這種混亂是新興利益的正常組成部分。雖然創(chuàng)新使一些工作消失，但也創(chuàng)造出新的及更好的工作，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)更高產(chǎn)的社會(huì)變得更加富裕，更加富裕的居民將會(huì)要求得到更多的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。一百年前，三分之一的美國(guó)工人受雇于農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作。現(xiàn)在不到2％的美國(guó)工人卻能生產(chǎn)出更多的糧食。這并沒(méi)有導(dǎo)致從土地上解脫出來(lái)的數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人們失業(yè)，他們隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的愈加復(fù)雜化找到了薪水更高的工作。今天，秘書(shū)職位的數(shù)量減少了，但出現(xiàn)了更多的計(jì)算機(jī)程序員和網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)師。
樂(lè)觀仍然是正確的起點(diǎn)，但對(duì)工人來(lái)講，技術(shù)的混亂效應(yīng)可能比它的節(jié)奏明顯更快。即使出現(xiàn)了新工作和極好的產(chǎn)品，短時(shí)期內(nèi)收入差距還會(huì)加大，這將會(huì)造成巨大的社會(huì)混亂，甚至可能造成政治變革。技術(shù)的影響力就像一陣旋風(fēng)，先吹過(guò)富國(guó)，最終也會(huì)掠過(guò)較為貧窮的國(guó)家。沒(méi)有一個(gè)政府為之作好了準(zhǔn)備。
36．【考點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析題。
N)【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格位于系動(dòng)詞were之后，副詞aside之前，據(jù)此推斷應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，且該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)可與aside構(gòu)成固定搭配，所填入的詞與were一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)。【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)首句可知，創(chuàng)新導(dǎo)致很多人失業(yè)。本句意思為“機(jī)械織布機(jī)使手工紡織工人失業(yè)”，故答案為swept“掃除，清除”，sweep aside為固定搭配，意思為“把……移到一邊”。
37．【考點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析題。
B)【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格位于has之后，名詞詞組many ofthe mid．skill jobs之前，故應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)句意，在過(guò)去的三十年里，數(shù)碼革命使很多中級(jí)技能工種___。下一句講到，就像紡織工人被摒棄了一樣，打字員、票務(wù)代理、銀行柜員和很多生產(chǎn)線上的崗位都被摒棄了。由此推斷，空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)詞表示中級(jí)技能工種消失。由此可知答案為displaced“取消”。
38．【考點(diǎn)】名詞辨析題。
A)【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格位于形容詞risin9之后，應(yīng)填入名詞。【語(yǔ)義判斷】第二段闡述了創(chuàng)新能創(chuàng)造新的工作崗位，這可以被看作是一種由創(chuàng)新帶來(lái)的利益，故答案為benefits“利益；福利”。
39．【考點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析題。
H)【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格位于a more和society之間，故應(yīng)填入形容詞構(gòu)成形容詞比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)句意，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)____更社會(huì)變得更加富裕，更加富裕的居民將會(huì)要求得到更多的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。接下來(lái)作者舉例指出，現(xiàn)在不到2％的美國(guó)工人卻生產(chǎn)出更多糧食，由此推斷這是一個(gè)“高產(chǎn)的”社會(huì)，故答案為productive“多產(chǎn)的”。
40．【考點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析題。
C)【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格位于系動(dòng)詞was之后，介詞短語(yǔ)on a farm之前，應(yīng)填入及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)句意，三分之一的美國(guó)工人被____在農(nóng)場(chǎng)里干活。選項(xiàng)提供的五個(gè)動(dòng)詞中，只剩下employed“雇用”，shrunk“萎縮”和withdrawn“退出；取消”還沒(méi)有選，結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境可知答案為employed“雇用”。
41．【考點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析題。
F)【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格位于動(dòng)詞rendered之后，本題實(shí)際上是對(duì)render用法的考查。render后面加形容詞，有“使……怎么樣”的含義。【語(yǔ)義判斷】前半句指出，這并沒(méi)有導(dǎo)致從土地上解脫出來(lái)的數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人們___，后半旬接著指出這些人找到了薪水更高的工作。由此可知，這些人沒(méi)有失業(yè)，故答案為jobless“失業(yè)的”。
42．【考點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析題。
M)【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格位于助動(dòng)詞has之后，據(jù)此判斷應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)句意，秘書(shū)職位的數(shù)量___了，但出現(xiàn)了更多其他職位。由轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知，前后兩個(gè)分句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，其他職位增多，與之相反的是秘書(shū)職位的減少。由此可知答案為shrunk “萎縮”，“萎縮”這一概念可以表示數(shù)量的減少。
43．【考點(diǎn)】名詞辨析題。
K)【語(yǔ)法判斷】該空格位于形容詞性物主代詞its之后，應(yīng)填入名詞。【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)句意，對(duì)工人來(lái)講，技術(shù)的混亂效應(yīng)比技術(shù)的節(jié)奏明顯要快，由此可知答案為rhythm“節(jié)奏”。
44．【考點(diǎn)】名詞辨析題。E)【語(yǔ)法判斷】該空格位于名詞所有格之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，因此應(yīng)填入名詞作句子主語(yǔ)。【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)句意，此處是指技術(shù)的影響力就像一陣旋風(fēng)。由此可知答案為impact“影響力”。
45．【考點(diǎn)】副詞辨析題。D)【語(yǔ)法判斷】該空格位于轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but之后，現(xiàn)在分詞sweepin9之前，應(yīng)填入副詞。【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)句意，此處是指技術(shù)的影響力就像一陣旋風(fēng)，先吹過(guò)富國(guó)，最終也會(huì)掠過(guò)較為貧窮的國(guó)家，填入的副詞應(yīng)顯示出時(shí)間發(fā)展的先后順序。由此可知答案為eventually“最后”。
Section B
【文章來(lái)源】本文選自Intelligent L咖(《智慧生活》)雜志，2014年5／6月刊，標(biāo)題為“Why the Mona Lisa Stands Out”(《為什么(蒙娜麗莎>能脫穎而出》)。
【結(jié)構(gòu)框圖】
參考譯文
為什么《蒙娜麗莎》能脫穎而出
A) 你是否曾癡迷于某部小說(shuō)，卻驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書(shū)沒(méi)有被列為名著?或者你是否曾在被譽(yù)為經(jīng)典的雕塑旁徘徊不定，努力想看出它有什么名堂?如果是這樣的話，你可能已經(jīng)在仔細(xì)考慮心理學(xué)家詹姆斯·卡廷曾問(wèn)過(guò)自己的問(wèn)題：一件藝術(shù)作品是如何被認(rèn)為偉大的?
B) 出于直覺(jué)的答案是一些藝術(shù)作品確實(shí)偉大：就其本身而言是質(zhì)量上乘的。隨著時(shí)間的推移，那些能夠占據(jù)畫(huà)廊的主要展區(qū)，能夠在學(xué)校被教授，并在各種書(shū)籍中重現(xiàn)再版的繪畫(huà)已經(jīng)證明了它們的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。如果你看不到它們的獨(dú)到之處，那就是你自己的問(wèn)題了。這樣解釋令人不安，也很高明。(47)但是，一些社會(huì)科學(xué)家對(duì)該解釋提出了一些令人尷尬的問(wèn)題，他們提出了這種可能性經(jīng)典的藝術(shù)作品比僵化的歷史事件強(qiáng)不了多少。
C) 康奈爾大學(xué)的卡廷教授想知道被稱為“單純曝光效應(yīng)”的心理機(jī)制在判斷哪些作品是文化瑰寶方面是否發(fā)揮了作用。卡廷設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)檢驗(yàn)他的直覺(jué)。在講課的過(guò)程中，他定期地給本科生看一些印象派的作品，每次看兩秒鐘。有些繪畫(huà)是收錄于藝術(shù)史書(shū)籍的經(jīng)典之作，有些作品卻沒(méi)有這么出名，但質(zhì)量可與那些經(jīng)典之作媲美。第二類作品向?qū)W生展示的次數(shù)是第一類作品的四倍。(49)結(jié)果，這些學(xué)生更喜歡第二類作品，而對(duì)照組的學(xué)生則最喜歡經(jīng)典之作。卡廷的學(xué)生之所以變得喜歡第二類作品僅僅是因?yàn)樗麄兛吹竭@些作品的次數(shù)更多。
D) 卡廷認(rèn)為他的實(shí)驗(yàn)為經(jīng)典作品是如何產(chǎn)生的提供了線索。他指出，當(dāng)今翻印最多的印象派作品大多在19世紀(jì)末被五六名富裕并有影響力的收藏家購(gòu)買(mǎi)。這些人的喜好使某些作品享有盛譽(yù)，從而使這些作品更有可能掛在畫(huà)廊里并作為收藏品被印刷。這種名氣流傳數(shù)年后，隨著曝光率越來(lái)越高，名氣勢(shì)不可擋。人們看這些作品看得越多，就越喜歡這些作品，這些作品就會(huì)更多地出現(xiàn)在書(shū)籍、海報(bào)和大型展覽上。同時(shí)，學(xué)者和評(píng)論家為這些作品的卓越創(chuàng)造了精準(zhǔn)正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛伞．吘梗粌H普通群眾傾向于對(duì)那些曝光率高的作品評(píng)價(jià)更高。正如當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家沃霍爾和達(dá)明·赫斯特所理解的那樣，(51)評(píng)論家的贊譽(yù)和宣傳息息相關(guān)。卡廷稱：“從單純的曝光效果來(lái)看，學(xué)者和民眾的作用是一樣的。”
E) (46)卡廷描述的過(guò)程啟發(fā)社會(huì)學(xué)家鄧肯·沃茨提出了一個(gè)原則，即“累積優(yōu)勢(shì)”：一旦某件事流行起來(lái)，這件事往往會(huì)變得更受歡迎。現(xiàn)在受聘于微軟公司的沃茨研究社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的動(dòng)力。幾年前，他在巴黎的另外一家博物館中也有過(guò)與卡廷類似的經(jīng)歷。他排隊(duì)觀看陳列在盧浮宮博物館里控制溫度的防彈箱中的《蒙娜麗莎》后，總是感到很困惑：(46)似乎沒(méi)有人注意到達(dá)·芬奇還有另外三幅畫(huà)陳列在上一個(gè)展廳，人們?yōu)槭裁凑J(rèn)為《蒙娜麗莎》比那三幅畫(huà)好呢?
F) (53)沃茨研究了“有史以來(lái)最偉大的油畫(huà)”的歷史后發(fā)現(xiàn)，《蒙娜麗莎》在大部分時(shí)期都相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有名氣。在19世紀(jì)50年代，人們認(rèn)為達(dá)·芬奇趕不上文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期提香和拉斐爾這樣的藝術(shù)巨匠，他們作品的價(jià)值幾乎是《蒙娜麗莎》的十倍。直到20世紀(jì)，達(dá)·芬奇所畫(huà)的贊助人的妻子的畫(huà)像才飆升至首要位置。造成這一現(xiàn)象的并不是學(xué)者的重新評(píng)估，而是一次盜竊。
G) 1911年，盧浮宮的一個(gè)維護(hù)人員把《蒙娜麗莎》藏在工作服下面離開(kāi)了博物館。巴黎人得知這幅畫(huà)失竊之后感到非常震驚，而在此之前，他們很少關(guān)注這幅畫(huà)。博物館重新開(kāi)放時(shí)，人們排隊(duì)去看《蒙娜麗莎》曾經(jīng)懸掛的地方，而這幅畫(huà)從沒(méi)得到過(guò)這種禮遇。從那時(shí)起，《蒙娜麗莎》本身就代表了西方文化。
H)盡管許多人作過(guò)嘗試，這幅畫(huà)能擁有如此殊榮似乎并不完全是因?yàn)槠淅L畫(huà)技巧精湛。有人說(shuō)畫(huà)中人物的眼睛會(huì)跟著觀賞人在房間里走。但正如該作品的傳記作者唐納德·薩松冷冷地指出：“在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，任何一幅肖像畫(huà)都會(huì)產(chǎn)生這樣的效果。”鄧肯·沃茨提出，《蒙娜麗莎》僅是一般規(guī)則的一個(gè)極端例子。(48)繪畫(huà)、詩(shī)詞和流行歌曲會(huì)因一些產(chǎn)生影響的隨機(jī)事件或人們的偏好載沉載浮，世代傳承。
I) 布萊恩·伊諾曾經(jīng)寫(xiě)道：“說(shuō)文物有價(jià)值，就像是在說(shuō)電話能交談。”(55)幾乎我們所欣賞的所有文物都打著前人的觀點(diǎn)烙印；在一定程度上，我們的喜好都是別人的喜好。去觀賞《蒙娜麗莎》的游客知道他們將要欣賞到最偉大的藝術(shù)作品，離開(kāi)時(shí)要么為之傾倒，要么失望。觀看《哈姆雷特》演出的觀眾知道它被奉為天才的作品，他們大部分也會(huì)這么認(rèn)為。沃茨甚至把莎士比亞的卓越也稱為“偶然的歷史事件”。
J) (54)雖然20世紀(jì)60年代就沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格的等級(jí)區(qū)分了，人們?nèi)匀粫?huì)用文化來(lái)象征身份。哥倫比亞大學(xué)心理學(xué)家夏姆斯·汗認(rèn)為，如今流行的折中主義——“我愛(ài)巴赫、阿巴樂(lè)隊(duì)以及Jay Z(美國(guó)最佳說(shuō)唱歌手，譯者注)——是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)用來(lái)區(qū)分自己不同于那些他們認(rèn)為品位單一的社會(huì)等級(jí)在他們之下的人的一種新手段。
K) (50)藝術(shù)作品的內(nèi)在價(jià)值似乎正在變成最不重要的一個(gè)屬性。但或許其重要性要高于社會(huì)科學(xué)家所認(rèn)為的。首先，某個(gè)作品需要有一定的質(zhì)量才能脫穎而出。《蒙娜麗莎》也許并不能世界頂級(jí)作品，但它是盧浮宮首屈一指的珍品，而這并不是偶然。其次，有些作品就是比其他作品更好。讀過(guò)莎士比亞同時(shí)代作家的最偉大的著作之后，再閱讀《哈姆雷特》，孰高孰低顯而易見(jiàn)，無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯。
L)《英國(guó)美學(xué)雜志》上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，“曝光效應(yīng)”并不適用于所有的事物，并對(duì)經(jīng)典作品的產(chǎn)生方式得出了不同的結(jié)論。社會(huì)科學(xué)家們說(shuō)得對(duì)，我們應(yīng)該對(duì)經(jīng)典作品抱有適當(dāng)?shù)膽岩蓱B(tài)度，并且我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常看看隔壁展廳。甚至是專家也可能會(huì)分不清偉大的藝術(shù)和平庸的作品。(52)但是，這就是為什么我們需要盡可能地多看、多讀。我們接觸到的好東西和壞東西越多，就越能明白它們的區(qū)別。折中主義者就是這樣。
46．【定位1由題干中的Duncan Watts，superioritv和cumulative advantage定位到E)段首句和末句。
E)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。該段首句指出了鄧肯．沃茨提出的“累積優(yōu)勢(shì)”原則。末句又指出，沃茨發(fā)現(xiàn)達(dá)‘芬奇還有另外三幅畫(huà)陳列在上一個(gè)展廳，但似乎沒(méi)有人注意到，人們認(rèn)為《蒙娜麗莎》要比另外三幅畫(huà)有優(yōu)勢(shì)。由此可知，沃茨認(rèn)為達(dá)·芬奇的《蒙娜麗莎》比另外三幅畫(huà)有優(yōu)勢(shì)的原因是“累積優(yōu)勢(shì)”原則：一旦某件事流行起來(lái)，這件事往往會(huì)變得更受歡迎。題干是對(duì)定位句內(nèi)容的概括。其中，題干中的superiority對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的superior，故答案為E)。
47．【定位1由題干中的social scientists和raiseddoubts定位到B)段末句。
B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位句提到，一些社會(huì)科學(xué)家提出了一些令人尷尬的問(wèn)題，認(rèn)為經(jīng)典的藝術(shù)作品比僵化的歷史事件強(qiáng)不了多少。題干是對(duì)定位句的推斷，題干中的raised doubts對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的askin9…questions，故答案為B)。
48．【定位】由題干中的random events和preferences定位到H)段末句。
H)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，繪畫(huà)、詩(shī)詞和流行歌曲會(huì)因一些產(chǎn)生影響的隨機(jī)事件或人們的偏好載沉載浮，世代傳承。題干中的determine the lfate對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的buoyed or sunk，a piece of lart對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的Paintings，poems and pop『songs，故答案為H)。
49．【定位1由題干中的experiment，Cuttin9和Jcanonical works定位到c)段最后兩句。 C)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明這些學(xué)生更喜歡第二類作品，而對(duì)照組的學(xué)生則最喜歡經(jīng)典之作。卡廷的學(xué)生之所以變得喜歡第二類作品僅僅是因?yàn)樗麄兛吹竭@些作品的次數(shù)更多。題干中的his subjects對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的the fstudents，題于中的because of more exposure是J對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中because they had seen them more l的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為c)。
50．【定位1由題干中的an art work和intrinsic value I定位到K)段首句。
K)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位句提到，藝術(shù)作品的內(nèi)『在價(jià)值似乎正在變成最不重要的一個(gè)屬性。但第二句緊接著指出，或許其重要性要高于社會(huì)科學(xué)家所認(rèn)為的。題干是對(duì)定位句內(nèi)容的概括。其中，題干中的intrinsic value對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的intrinsic quality，故答案為K)。
51．【定位】由題干中的critics，ordinary people和publicity定位到D)段最后兩句。
D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，評(píng)論家的贊譽(yù)和宣傳息息相關(guān)。卡廷認(rèn)為從單純的曝光效果來(lái)看，學(xué)者和民眾的作用是一樣的。題干中的isclosely associated with對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的is deeply entwined with，故答案為D)。
52．【定位】由題干中的expose和tell the superior from the inferior定位到L)段倒數(shù)第二句。
L)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位旬提到，這就是為什么我們需要盡可能地多看、多讀，我們接觸到的好東西和壞東西越多，就越能明白它們的區(qū)別。題干中的expose ourselves t0對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的we’rexposed t0，題干中的the superior和the inferior分別對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的the good和the bad，故答案為L(zhǎng))。
53．【定位1由題干中的the history of the greatestpaintings定位到F)段首句。
F)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，沃茨研究了“有史以來(lái)最偉大的油畫(huà)”的歷史后發(fā)現(xiàn)，《蒙娜麗莎》在大部分時(shí)期都相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有名氣。題干中的agreat work of art指的就是定位句中的the “Mona Lisa”，題干中的experience years ofneglect對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的remained in relative obscurity，故答案為F)。
54．【定位】由題干中的Culture和distinguish定位到J)段首句。
J)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。該定位句提到，雖然20世紀(jì)60年代就沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格的等級(jí)區(qū)分了，人們?nèi)匀粫?huì)用文化來(lái)象征身份。題干中的a mark對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的a badge，distinguish對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的distinction，故答案為J)。
55．【定位】由題干中的0pinions，preferences和cultural objects定位到I)段第二句。
I)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，幾乎我們所欣賞的所有文物都打著前人的觀點(diǎn)烙印；在一定程度上，我們的喜好都是別人的喜好。題干是對(duì)定位句的歸納總結(jié)，題干中的inheritable對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的inherited，故答案為I)。
Section C
Passage One
【文章來(lái)源】本文選自2014年1月2日刊登在TIME(《時(shí)代》)上的一篇標(biāo)題為“The Bank Stops Here，，(《銀行停止在這里》)的文章。
【結(jié)構(gòu)框圖】
參考譯文
當(dāng)一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)娜嗽谶m當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)得到合適的工作，他的影響力就可以得到巨大的延展。珍妮特．耶倫有望在一月份被確定為美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)下一任主席，她的職位就找到了適當(dāng)?shù)娜诉x。(56)如果你像許多人一樣，認(rèn)為失業(yè)是我們這個(gè)時(shí)代主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)關(guān)注點(diǎn)，那么認(rèn)為耶倫是目前這個(gè)世界上最有權(quán)力的人物一點(diǎn)也不夸張。
(57)在2008年經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)以及隨后的衰退和復(fù)蘇期間，中央銀行承擔(dān)了最后的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激者的角色，通過(guò)巨額的資產(chǎn)買(mǎi)賣的方式擎起全球經(jīng)濟(jì)。耶倫曾是美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的一個(gè)副主席，也是美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)3．8萬(wàn)億資金庫(kù)的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造者之一。作為一位以人力市場(chǎng)開(kāi)拓工作著稱的明星經(jīng)濟(jì)家，耶倫還曾經(jīng)是對(duì)次級(jí)債消融的預(yù)警有早期預(yù)見(jiàn)能力的女預(yù)言家。現(xiàn)在，她的工作將是帶領(lǐng)美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)和市場(chǎng)走出史上最大、最不尋常的金融項(xiàng)目，而又不會(huì)脫離脆弱的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的軌跡。
好消息是現(xiàn)年67歲的耶倫非常適合接受這些挑戰(zhàn)。她對(duì)金融市場(chǎng)有準(zhǔn)確的理解，她理解經(jīng)濟(jì)的不完美性并且堅(jiān)定地相信人類的疾苦更主要的是與失業(yè)而不是其他因素相關(guān)。
一些專家擔(dān)心耶倫會(huì)過(guò)度關(guān)注失業(yè)而忽視了通貨膨脹。(58)但是，在薪金依然比較固定而富人與長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況分化不斷加劇的形勢(shì)下，更多人的擔(dān)心與前者恰恰相反—通貨緊縮，這會(huì)加劇經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。
另一方面，這位未來(lái)的美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席將不得不找到適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ň徛K止這一刺激。必須穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，去除泡沫，實(shí)現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)著陸，又不能太快而造成另外一場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。
(59)與以往的許多美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人不同，耶倫不相信金融行業(yè)應(yīng)該自我規(guī)范運(yùn)行的論調(diào)。她一直就知道美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)的監(jiān)管一直都過(guò)于松弛。耶倫很司能在將失業(yè)率降低到6％以下之后就著手解決這一問(wèn)題，穩(wěn)定市場(chǎng)并確保經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇更具包容性和生命力。(60)正如普林斯頓大學(xué)教授艾倫·布朗德所說(shuō)：“她聰明得像鞭子，很有邏輯，樂(lè)于爭(zhēng)辯，同時(shí)也是一個(gè)很好的傾聽(tīng)者。她能夠勸服別人而又不會(huì)產(chǎn)生敵意。”所有這些特點(diǎn)都將是很有用的，因?yàn)檫@位全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的新掌權(quán)人需要解決最為棘手的問(wèn)題。
56．【定位】NN-P0的many people和the biggest『c)[解析l細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，很多人都認(rèn)為problem定位到首段第三句。失業(yè)是這個(gè)時(shí)代主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)關(guān)注點(diǎn)，故答案為C)。
57．【定位】由題干中的the 2008 financial crisis和人物關(guān)鍵詞Yellen定位到第二段前兩句。
D)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，在2008年經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)及隨后的衰退和復(fù)蘇期間，中央銀行通過(guò)資產(chǎn)買(mǎi)賣的方式擎起全球經(jīng)濟(jì)，而耶倫又幫助美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)聚集了巨額資金。綜合分析，可以推斷出耶倫幫助美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)通過(guò)資產(chǎn)買(mǎi)賣向市場(chǎng)注入資金，故答案為D)。
58．【定位】根據(jù)題干中的greater concern和the general public定位到第四段第二句。B)【精析】推理判斷題。由第四段第一句可知，一些專家擔(dān)心耶倫會(huì)忽視通貨膨脹問(wèn)題，而定位句反駁了這一觀點(diǎn)，指出更多人擔(dān)心的恰恰與之相反，即由于薪金相對(duì)比較固定，以及富人和長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者的經(jīng)濟(jì)差距不斷加大，通貨緊縮才是主要問(wèn)題，故答案為B)。
59．【定位】由題干中的the Fed chief以及題文同序原則定位到第六段。
C)【精析】推理判斷題。定位段指出，耶倫不相信金融行業(yè)能夠自我規(guī)范運(yùn)行，她認(rèn)為美聯(lián)
濟(jì)監(jiān)管方面過(guò)于松弛。而隨后的第七段首句也指出，她即將著手解決這一問(wèn)題，故可推知她將要加緊金融制度，故答案為C)。
60．【定位】由題干中的Alan Blinder定位到最后一段。
A)【精析】推理判斷題。定位段指出，艾倫·布朗德認(rèn)為耶倫十分聰明，很有邏輯，樂(lè)于爭(zhēng)辯也善于傾聽(tīng)，同時(shí)還能夠在不讓對(duì)方產(chǎn)生敵意的情況下勸服別人，可見(jiàn)她有很強(qiáng)的說(shuō)服力，故答案為A)。
空氣污染在全球很多地方正在變得日益嚴(yán)重。城市公園從日出之時(shí)就擠滿了人，這證明人們是多么渴望在綠色、開(kāi)闊的空間呼吸。雖然他們不見(jiàn)得都知道自己尋找的是什么，但他們還是聚集在那里。在那種環(huán)境中，他們一般會(huì)感覺(jué)到平靜安詳。在花園里極少會(huì)看見(jiàn)人們爭(zhēng)斗。(61)也許爭(zhēng)斗最初發(fā)生不是在經(jīng)濟(jì)或者社會(huì)層面，而是對(duì)空氣占有方面，空氣對(duì)生命本身是至關(guān)重要的。如果人類能夠呼吸和分享空氣，他們就沒(méi)有必要相互爭(zhēng)斗了。
不幸的是，在我們西方的傳統(tǒng)中，無(wú)論唯物主義還是唯心主義理論家，對(duì)于這個(gè)生命的基本條件都沒(méi)有給予充分的考慮。(62)至于政治家們，盡管他們建議控制環(huán)境污染，但并沒(méi)有要求將污染環(huán)境人罪。富有的國(guó)家甚至獲準(zhǔn)污染環(huán)境，只要付錢(qián)就行。
但是，我們的生命除了錢(qián)以外就沒(méi)有其他有價(jià)值的東西了嗎?植物世界無(wú)言地向我們展示了忠實(shí)于生命的內(nèi)涵。它還引領(lǐng)我們來(lái)到一個(gè)新的起點(diǎn)，督促我們關(guān)注我們的呼吸，不僅在生命層面，還在精神層面。(63)我們需要密切關(guān)注的是存在于我們自身與植物世界之間的相互依賴。覆蓋地球表面的森林常常被描述為“這個(gè)星球的肺”，它們通過(guò)釋放氧氣，向我們饋贈(zèng)可呼吸的空氣。但是，它們清潔被工業(yè)污染的空氣的能力早已達(dá)到極限。如果我們?nèi)鄙俳】瞪钏璧目諝猓鞘且驗(yàn)槲覀冊(cè)谄渲谐涑饬嘶瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)并削弱了植被能使其再生的能力。正如我們所知的，快速地砍伐森林并伴隨大規(guī)模的礦物燃燒是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的災(zāi)害的導(dǎo)火索。
(64)關(guān)于資源爭(zhēng)奪的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)會(huì)把整個(gè)星球帶入地獄，除非人類學(xué)會(huì)相互之間、與植被之間分享生活。這項(xiàng)任務(wù)同時(shí)具有道德和政治意義，因?yàn)橹挥性诿總€(gè)人都能夠承擔(dān)也只有在大家共同承擔(dān)時(shí)，才能完成。(65)自然界教給我們的是，分享生活可以拓展生命空間，提升生命層次，而將生命分為所謂的自然和人類資源貶低了它。我們必須學(xué)會(huì)將空氣、植被和我們自己視為保護(hù)生命和成長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)者，而不是任由我們支配量化物品和生產(chǎn)潛能的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。也許到那時(shí)我們能最終學(xué)會(huì)生活，而不是僅僅關(guān)注生存。
61．【定位】由題干中的struggle定位到首段最后兩句。
A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句明確指出，爭(zhēng)斗最初發(fā)生不是在經(jīng)濟(jì)或者社會(huì)層面，而是在對(duì)空氣占有方面。如果人類能夠呼吸和分享空氣，也許就不會(huì)再彼此爭(zhēng)斗，故答案為A)。
62．【定位】由題干中的politicians定位到第二段第二句。
D)【精析】推理判斷題。由定位句可知，政治家們盡管建議控制環(huán)境污染，但并未要求將污染環(huán)境人罪，也就是說(shuō)他們未能用法律手段限制環(huán)境污染，故答案為D)。
63．【定位】根據(jù)題干中的closest attention定位到第三段第四句。
B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句明確指出，我們與植物世界相互依存，我們應(yīng)該密切地關(guān)注這一點(diǎn)。換句話說(shuō)，作者想要引起我們密切關(guān)注的是我們與植物世界相互依存的關(guān)系，故答案為B)。
64．【定位】由題干中的accomplish及planet定位到第四段前兩句。
D)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句說(shuō)明，爭(zhēng)奪資源的斗爭(zhēng)會(huì)將我們的星球帶人地獄，除非人類懂得相互之間、與植被之間分享生活，這一任務(wù)只有在每一個(gè)人都承擔(dān)起責(zé)任并且大家共同承擔(dān)時(shí)才能完成，可見(jiàn)要保護(hù)地球必須集合眾人的努力，故答案為D)。
65．【定位】由題干中的just to survive和題文同序原則定位到最后一段。
C)【精析】推理判斷題。由定位段可知，分享生活可以拓展生命空間，提升生命層次，我們要將空氣、植被和我們自己均視為保護(hù)生命和成長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)者，而不是任由我們支配量化物品和生產(chǎn)潛能的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，綜合看來(lái)，與自然分享生命是實(shí)現(xiàn)生活層次提升至生存這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以上的根本途徑，故答案為C)。
Part IV Translation
The traditional Chinese hospitality requires that the foods served are so diverse that guests cannot eat up all the dishes. A typical Chinese banquet menu includes cold
1．翻譯第一句時(shí)，可將“中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的待客之道”處理為句子的主語(yǔ)，將“飯菜豐富多樣”處理為賓語(yǔ)，將“讓客人吃不完”處理為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
2．第二句中，“其后的熱菜”可參考譯文采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)followed by dishes served at the beginning, followed by hot dishes, such as meat, poultry,vegetables, and so on. At most banquets, the whole fish is considered to be essential,unless various kinds of seafood have been served. Nowadays, Chinese people would like to combine Western specialties with traditional Chinese dishes. Therefore, it is not rare to see steak being served, either.
Salad has also been catching on, although traditionally Chinese people generally dc not eat any food without cooking. There is usually at least a bowl of soup, served either at the beginning or in the end of the banquet. Desserts and fruit usually mark the end of the banquet. hot dishes，也可翻譯為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，即with the hot dishes followed；“例如肉類、雞鴨、蔬菜等”是對(duì)“熱菜”的舉例說(shuō)明，用such as引導(dǎo)。
3．第三句中的“全魚(yú)被認(rèn)為是……”可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，“必不可少的”可譯為essential或indispensable，“除非……”表明該句包含一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，可用unless引導(dǎo)。
4．第五句包含一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“盡管”含義的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)詞有though，although，despite等；“流行”的表達(dá)方式有很多，如prevalent，popular，fashionable，catch on等。因此，本句也可以譯為Despite the fact that traditionally Chinese people don’t like to eat any dishes without cookin9，
salad has also been popular。
5．翻譯第六句中的“可以最先或最后上桌”時(shí)可處理為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。最后一句的翻譯相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，“標(biāo)志……的結(jié)束”可用短語(yǔ)mark the end of…來(lái)表達(dá)。
cordial hospitality 盛情款待
the way to host visitors 待客之道
cuisine 烹飪
a sumptuous feast 豐盛的宴席
dinner party 晚餐派對(duì)
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